Study of correlation between urinary albumin creatinine ratio and serum creatinine in type 1 diabetes

Introduction: Type 1 Diabetes is a common non communicable disease among the young population in society. It can lead to development of long term complications such as nephropathy and retinopathy among others. Diabetic nephropathy among T1DM children is potentially reversible when diagnosed in early stages. The aim is to study microalbuminuria by measuring urine albumin creatinine ratio in a spot sample and its correlation with serum creatinine, random blood sugars and HbA1c. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted at Dept. of Biochemistry, BMCRI, from Jan 2019 to Feb 2019. A total of 30 diabetic children, in age group 5-18 years were randomly selected as subjects for this study. Parameters such as serum creatinine, Random blood sugars and HbA1c were measured. Urinary albumin and urinary creatinine was measured and Urinary albumin creatinine ratio calculated for measuring microalbuminuria. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS21. Results: The mean period of onset of diabetes was 4.8 2.4 years. Among them, 9 (30%) out of 30 children had microalbuminuria. The mean level of Serum Creatinine among the study group is 0.49 0.01 mg/dL, mean of Random Blood Sugars is 263.37 78.99 mg/dL and that of HbA1c is 10.7 2.58 g%. Urinary albumin creatinine ratio is not normally distributed and expressed in median and Inter Quartile Range as follows: Median: 11.5, IQR:29.25. There is no correlation between serum creatinine and microalbuminuria calculated using urinary albumin creatinine ratio. There is positive correlation between UACR and RBS, and UACR and HbA1c. Conclusion: When children show high blood sugars and HbA1c, it is suggested to investigate the UACR. By detecting renal dysfunction in early stages, we can take appropriate measures in treatment. Keywords: Microalbuminuria, Urinary Albumin Creatinine Ratio, Random Blood Sugars, HbA1c, Diabetic Nephropathy.