The cytotoxic effects of bisphenol A alternatives in human lung fibroblast MRC5 cells

Endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) disrupt homeostasis via the dysregulation of hormone synthesis and metabolism. Bisphenol A (BPA) is widely used in consumer products, such as thermal receipts, water bottles, and baby bottles. However, BPA is also an EDC that acts as an estrogen agonist, and human exposure to BPA can lead to estrogenic effects. Consequently, manufacturers have started investigating the properties and effects of alternatives to BPA, molecules such as bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS). Although multiple studies have demonstrated the adverse effect of bisphenols, it remains unknown whether bisphenols affect human lung fibroblast cells. In this study, we investigated the cytotoxic effects of BPA, BPF, and BPS on the MRC5 human lung fibroblast cell line. We examined and compared the effects of BPA and its alternatives on cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis. Brief exposures to low concentrations of BPA, BPF, and BPS had no effects on cell viability, cell cycle progression, or apoptosis among MRC5 human lung fibroblast cells.