Oxidation stress induced birefringence in vertical cavity surface emitting lasers

We report high-frequency polarization self‐modulation (PSM) in high speed vertical-cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) connected to the stress-induced birefringence in oxide-confined aperture VCSELs. Polarization oscillations up to 45 GHz were captured. We analyze the far and the near field of the device and show how the fiber-coupling conditions induce optical feedback, affect emission properties of the device and influence the polarization switching phenomenon. In conditions where the PSM was suppressed, we demonstrate NRZ high-speed multi-mode fiber data transmission up to 90 Gbit/s.