A review of the aetiology and management of vocal behaviour in dementia

Vocal behaviour is a common form of agitation displayed by people with dementia. It refers to excessive screaming, abusive language, moaning, perseveration, and repetitive and inappropriate requests. The authors provide a literature review on this form of challenging behaviour, focusing on the aetiological factors and the available treatment options. Emphasis is put on a biopsychosocial approach. The aim of this article is to increase awareness of the condition in elderly nursing residences and hospitals, and to encourage best evidence-based practice.