LRAGE: Learning Latent Relationships With Adaptive Graph Embedding for Aerial Scene Classification

The performance of scene classification relies heavily on the spatial and structural features that are extracted from high spatial resolution remote-sensing images. Existing approaches, however, are limited in adequately exploiting latent relationships between scene images. Aiming to decrease the distances between intraclass images and increase the distances between interclass images, we propose a latent relationship learning framework that integrates an adaptive graph with the constraints of the feature space and label propagation for high-resolution aerial image classification. To describe the latent relationships among scene images in the framework, we construct an adaptive graph that is embedded into the constrained joint space for features and labels. To remove redundant information and improve the computational efficiency, subspace learning is introduced to assist in the latent relationship learning. To address out-of-sample data, linear regression is adopted to project the semisupervised classification results onto a linear classifier. Learning efficiency is improved by minimizing the objective function via the linearized alternating direction method with an adaptive penalty. We test our method on three widely used aerial scene image data sets. The experimental results demonstrate the superior performance of our method over the state-of-the-art algorithms in aerial scene image classification.