Metropolizacja a kształtowanie ładu przestrzennego układów zurbanizowanych

Metropolization and processes of formation of functional urban areas result, among other things, in urban sprawl. Urban sprawl is one of reasons of changes in spatial organization of cities and surrounding areas. This article is based on results of the project PLUREL: Peri-urban Land Use Relationships – Strategies and Sustainability Assessment Tools for Urban – Rural Linkages and presents the role of peri-urban areas in sustainable development of metropolises. European experience proves that despite many efforts undertaken by public authorities the scale of urban sprawl has not been reduced. It results in spreading residential functions and occupying new areas for housing developments and other accompanying urban functions. Drivers of urbanization pressure are described as well as threats that this pressure brings and efforts that are supposed to counteract degradation of peri-urban areas. dr Miroslaw Grochowski, pracownik Wydzialu Geografii i Studiow Regionalnych Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego i Mazowieckiego Biura Planowania Regionalnego w Warszawie. Specjalista w dziedzinie gospodarki przestrzennej i planowania przestrzennego oraz ich związkow z rozwojem lokalnym i regionalnym. Glowne pola zainteresowan badawczych: rozwoj miast, obszarow i regionow metropolitalnych, planowanie i zarządzanie rozwojem funkcjonalnych obszarow miejskich. Grochowski M., 2008, Analysis of Regional Spatial Planning and Decision Making Strategies and their Impact on Land Use in the Urban Fringe; Case Study: Warsaw Metropolitan Area, Poland; Raport, PLUREL, VI PR UE: Peri-Urban Land Use Relationships – Strategies and Sustainability Assessment Tools for Urban-Rural Linkages, Integrated Project, Warszawa. Kline J. D., 2000, Comparing States with and without Growth Management. Analysis based on Indicators with Policy Implications,Comment. Land Use Policy 17, s. 349-355. Nelson A. C., Duncan J. B, 1995, Growth Management Principles and Practices, Planners Press, American Planning Association, Chicago, Washington D.C. Ravetz J., 2008, The City Region in Time and Space. Analysis of Regional Spatial Planning and Decision Making Strategies, and their Impact on Land Use in the Urban Fringe; the Case of Manchester, Raport, PLUREL, VI PR UE: Peri-Urban Land Use Relationships – Strategies and Sustainability Assessment Tools for UrbanRural Linkages, Integrated Project, Manchester. Ravetz J., 2009, Strategic Action for the Manchester Rural Urban Region. Assessment Report on Peri-Urban Governance and Planning Strategies; Report, PLUREL, VI PR UE: Peri-Urban Land Use Relationships – Strategies and Sustainability Assessment Tools for Urban-Rural Linkages, Integrated Project, Manchester. Smart Growth Network, 2006, This is Smart Growth; www.smartgrowth.org Soule D. C., 2006, Defining and Managing Sprawl, (w:) D.C. Soule (red.) Urban Sprawl – a Comprehensive Reference Guide; Greenwood Press, London. Szulczewska B., 2009, Zielone metropolie – punkt widzenia przyrodnika, (w:) K. Kamieniecki (red.) Jak zapewnic rozwoj zrownowazony terenow zurbanizowanych? Metropolie, Instytut na Rzecz Ekorozwoju, Warszawa. Turnbull 2004, Turnbull, Geoffrey K, 2004, Urban growth controls: transitional dynamics of development fees and growth boundaries, Journal of Urban Economics 55, s. 215 – 237. Willmer, 2006, Wilmer, Ralph, 2006, Planning framework: A planning framework for managing sprawl, (w:) Soule, David C. (red.), Urban sprawl – a comprehensive reference guide, Greenwood press, London.