Coal bottom ash in field of civil engineering: A review of advanced applications and environmental considerations

The utilization of coal bottom ash in civil engineering is one of the most promising options to reduce, or possibly eliminate, the environmental and social problems related to the disposal of bottom ash. This study reviews the traditional and state-of-the-art utilization technologies of bottom ash in the field of civil engineering. It covers the production and characteristics of bottom ash, case studies of its conventional applications as a simple replacement of natural resources and advanced applications for special purposes, and environmental considerations for both raw bottom ash and its applications. This review is intended to stimulate and promote the effective recycling of coal bottom ash in the civil engineering field.