16.9 A 128kb 4b/cell nonvolatile memory with crystalline In-Ga-Zn oxide FET using V t , cancel write method

As the number of devices connected to the Internet increases, servers and mobile devices must process increasingly large volumes of data, and also accommodate the increasing demand for high-speed and large-capacity working memory keeping the power consumption low. This need is being fulfilled by emerging devices, such as resistive RAM, phase-change RAM, and MRAM [1], which realize high-speed, high-density and nonvolatile memory, significantly enhancing the performance of CPUs with integrated memories.