PCSK9 Mutations in Familial Hypercholesterolemia: from a Groundbreaking Discovery to Anti-PCSK9 Therapies

Purpose of Review In 2003, Abifadel et al. (Nat. Genet. 34:154–156, 2003) identified PCSK9, encoding proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, as the third causal gene for autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia. This review focuses on the main steps from this major breakthrough in familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) to the latest clinical trials with the anti-PCSK9 antibodies.