Porphyrin Functionalized Laser-Induced Graphene and Porous WO3 Assembled Effective Z-Scheme Photocatalyst for Promoted Visible-Light-Driven Degradation of Ciprofloxacin

In this work, we prepared a highly effective Z-scheme FLIG/WO3 photocatalyst (LIG = laser-induced graphene). Under visible light irradiation, the photocatalytic degradation experiment of ciprofloxacin (CIP) showed that the photocatalytic performance of 0.4FLIG/WO3 material was 2.8 times and 8.0 times higher than that of pure FLIG and porous WO3, respectively. Bonding porphyrin groups to FLIG and the construction of Z-scheme heterojunction resulted in a significant enhancement of the photocatalytic performance. The modified porphyrine group enhanced the ability to absorb visible light, while the Z-Scheme effectively improved the separation efficiency of photo-generated carriers. The intermediate products of the CIP degradation process were analyzed by mass spectrometry, and based on the results, reasonable degradation pathways were proposed. Radical trapping experiments, band energy structure analysis and ESR technology indicated that ·OH and ·O2− were active substances that play a major role in the photocatalytic process, thereby realizing the effective degradation of CIP. Visible-light-driven 0.4FLIG/WO3 is a green and efficient photocatalyst to degrade CIP. An effective direct Z-scheme 0.4FLIG/WO3 photocatalyst was developed for catalytic degradation of ciprofloxacin in wastewater under visible light irradiation. The significantly enhanced photoactivity is attributed to the bonding of porphyrin groups in FLIG and the construction of the Z-type heterojunction interface.