Up-scaling napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) production using "Tumbukiza" method in smallholder farming systems in Northwestern Kenya

Schum.) is the most popular fodder used by dairy farmers. The farmer field school (FFS) and farmer participatory research (FPR) approaches were used to up-scale ‘tumbukiza’, a ‘Kiswahili’ word meaning placing in a hole, a new method of Napier grass production started by farmers which uses integrated nutrient management strategy to enhance efficient use of nutrients with sustained greater dry matter yields compared to the conventional method. In both methods, four fertilizer treatments were used: (1) 10 t ha