Intracorporeal Lithotripsy During PCNL

Intracorporeal lithotripsy has become the most common method for stone removal and evacuation during percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). There are five major types of lithotripters, which include pneumatic, ultrasonic, combination of ultrasonic and ballistic, electrohydraulic, and laser. The aim of this chapter is to identify these five types of lithotripters. The development of each lithotripter and their mechanism are presented. The characteristics of each modality are also reviewed. In the management of nephrolithiasis, contemporary lithotripters are found widespread use. Urologists can choose different lithotripters according to their characteristics and their demands.