The selective estrogen receptor modulator SCH 57068 prevents bone loss, reduces serum cholesterol and blocks estrogen-induced uterine hypertrophy in ovariectomized rats

Abstract Our objective was to determine the effects of SCH 57068 alone and with 17β-estradiol (E 2 ) on bone, lipids and uteri in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. In OVX animals lumbar vertebral and femoral bone mineral density (BMD) were significantly higher after 12 weeks of treatment with SCH 57068 than in untreated OVX controls. Similarly BMD was superior in OVX + E 2  + SCH 57068 treated animals than in OVX + E 2 controls. SCH 57068 also significantly reduced the increase in bone turnover markers, serum pyridinoline and serum osteocalcin levels, induced by OVX, and increased mechanical bone strength. SCH 57068 also significantly reduced the rise in serum cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol induced by OVX. SCH 57068 had no stimulatory effect on uterine epithelium when given alone in OVX rats. SCH 57068 (1 and 2.5 mg/kg) reduced uterine weight and blocked endometrial stimulation induced by E 2 . In summary, SCH 57068 adds to the positive effects of E 2 on bone and lipid metabolism but blocks the stimulatory effects of E 2 on the uterus. Potentially, E 2  + SCH 57068 could be combined for the treatment and prevention of breast cancer or as a novel hormone replacement therapy.