Oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity: Development and prospects

The methods of evaluating oxidative stress based on chemical technologies are great significance in practical applications. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are inevitable by-products of metabolism during vital processes in living organisms. It is believed that the balance of redox reactions can be coordinated with drugs and other interventions to prevent or treat diseases in humans, animals, and plants. Researchers have tried to use certain indicators as evaluation standards in this field, but so far, it has been difficult to achieve because of the complex regulation of oxidative and antioxidative reactions in organisms. Therefore, it is necessary to use multiple methods based on different principles to evaluate oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity. In this review, we have summarized the methods for evaluating oxidative stress and the antioxidant capacity of organisms and antioxidants utilizing category methods. We have also described the strengths and weaknesses of each method, and directions for the development of new technologies.