Significance of CHA2DS2-VASC on the severity and hemorrhagic transformation in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation-induced acute ischemic stroke.

Atrial fibrillation causes a fivefold increase of stroke risk. CHA2DS2-VASC is widely used to evaluate the risk of cardiac embolism in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) and identify the patients eligible for anticoagulation therapy. This study aimed to identify the significance of CHA2DS2-VASC score on the severity and hemorrhagic transformation (HT) in patients with NVAF-induced acute ischemic stroke (NVAF-AIS). Total 113 patients diagnosed as NVAF-AIS were included in this study. Patients were categorized into severe stroke group (NIHSS > 10) and non-severe group (NIHSS ≤ 10), and the risk factors for severe stroke were investigated. Based on the results of repeated brain CT/MRI examination performed within 14 days from stroke onset or immediately in case of clinical worsening, patients were divided into HT group and non-HT group, and the predictors for HT were then analyzed. CHA2DS2-VASC score [median (interquartile range) 5 (3-5) vs. 3 (2-4); p = 0.002] in severe stroke group was significantly higher than that in non-severe group. The severe stroke group showed significantly increased prevalence of heart failure (20% vs. 48.5%, p = 0.002) and decreased hemoglobin (136.4 ± 18.0 vs.143.6 ± 15.6 g/L, p = 0.031) compared with non-severe group. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that CHA2DS2-VASc score was a powerful predictor for the severity of NVAF-AIS. Forty-seven of total recruited patients (43.2%) developed HT within 14 days after the onset of NVAF-AIS. CHA2DS2-VASc score as well as elevated glycated hemoglobin and intravenous rt-PA were the independent risk factors of HT. CHA2DS2-VASC score was closely associated with the severity of NVAF-AIS. Patients with higher CHA2DS2-VASC score were more likely to develop HT after NVAF-AIS.