Síndrome de hipersensibilidad a anticonvulsivantes (síndrome de DRESS): comunicación de 4 casos

RESUMEN El sindrome de hipersensibilidad a anticonvulsivantes es una reaccion poco frecuente y potencialmente fatal, que se caracteriza por fiebre, erupcion cutanea y compromiso de organos internos. Difenilhidantoina, fenobarbital y carbamazepina son los anticonvulsivantes aromaticos que mas frecuentemente lo producen. Comunicamos 4 pacientes adultos, 2 masculinos y 2 femeninos de entre 20 y 42 anos que presentaron hallazgos clinicos, bioquimicos e histologicos compatibles con un sindrome de hipersensibilidad a drogas secundario a anticonvulsivantes que se inicio luego de 4 a 8 semanas del inicio del farmaco. Las drogas causantes fueron difenilhidantoina, carbamazepina y la asociacion de acido valproico y lamotrigina (Dermatol Argent 2010;16(4):272-277). Palabras clave: DRESS (Drug Rash with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms),sindrome de hipersensibilidad a anticonvulsivantes. Title: Anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome (DRESS syndrome): report of 4 cases Abstract Anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome is a rare and potentially fatal reaction characterized by fever, skin rash and internal organ involvement. Phenytoin, phenobarbital and carbamazepine are the most frequent aromatic anticonvulsivant drugs causing the reaction. We report 4 adult patients, 2 males and 2 females, between 20 and 42 years old with clinical, laboratorial and histopathological findings consistent with anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome started 4 and 8 weeks after the administration of the drug. The causative drugs were phenytoin, carbamazepine and the association of valproic acid and lamotrigine (Dermatol Argent 2010;16(4):272-277). Key words: DRESS (Drug Rash with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms), Anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome.