Mill case, simulation, and laboratory plant study of black liquor spill effects on a multiple stage biological treatment plant

In this study, the impact of black liquor shocks on multiple stage biological treatment plant was studied. The tests were carried out in a lab scale plant and using a mathematical simulation model. The results showed good relation to a parallel situation at the Gruvon Mill. The MultiBio concept is persistent to short-term black liquor spills due to the design where the black liquor is diluted between every compartment. According to the lab scale trials, short-term shocks (5 and 10  h) of black liquor addition reduce bio activity in the first part of the MultiBio plant. Oxygen uptake rate and chemical oxygen demand (COD) degradation decreased during high concentrations of black liquor and increased when the black liquor concentration declined. Protozoas disappeared from compartments exposed to high concentrations of black liquor. A long-term trial encompassing 24  h of black liquor addition inhibited the COD reduction in the whole plant for several weeks.