Conductive Poly(3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT)-Based Polymers and Their Applications in Bioelectronics

Abstract Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) is the champion conductive polymers in the field of bioelectronics due to its unique combination of properties. The most successful polymer is the commercially available poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). However, to broaden the spectrum of applications and to improve the biology/electronics interface, PEDOT:PSS presents some limitations associated to its low (bio)functionality, stretchability, and ionic/ electronic conductivity. In this chapter, we will focus on discussing the synthesis and applications of innovative PEDOT-type materials for bioelectronics. First, we describe the different synthetic routes to (bio)functional dioxythiophene monomer/polymer derivatives. Second, we focus on successful PEDOT:PSS, discussing new physical and chemical approaches that can effectively improve its electrical conductivity and mechanical properties. Next, the synthesis of PEDOT dispersions using different biopolymers and biomolecules alternatives to PSS is highlighted. Finally, we give an outlook of the different applications of innovative PEDOT-type materials in bioelectronics. The use of these polymers in electrochemical transistors (OECTs), organic electronic ion-pumps (OEIP), biocompatible conductive polymer layers, conducting hydrogels, biosensors, selective detachment of cells, scaffolds for tissue engineering, electrodes for electrophysiology, implantable electrodes, or stimulation of neuronal cells is finally discussed.