Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease with Emphysematous Polycystic Renal Infection That Required Surgical Treatment

: We encountered a patient with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) complicated with emphysematous polycystic renal infection (EPRI). A 44-year-old woman visited our hospital for a fever, appetite loss, and gross hematuria. Because the patient was suffering from end-stage renal disease (ESRD), she was immediately hospitalized for hemodialysis. Multiple emphysematous infected cysts were noted in the right kidney, and antibiotic therapy and three rounds of cystic drainage were performed. However, the patient did not respond to treatment. Therefore, laparoscopic right nephrectomy was performed. ADPKD with comorbid EPRI is unresponsive to conservative treatment, and we believe that nephrectomy should be considered.