The SERENADE project; a step forward in the safe by design process of nanomaterials: The benefits of a diverse and interdisciplinary approach

Abstract Developing safe nanomaterials has become a major concern in all the industry sectors using advanced materials. However, there are very few initiatives addressing this issue. The SERENADE project, with its long-term funding scheme, provided a unique opportunity to foster a coordinated, yet diverse approach to investigate the safe-by-design development of nanomaterials in a variety of application fields, using a targeted set of inter-disciplinary case studies. The originality of the approach was to cover as many multiple technology readiness levels (TRLs) and life cycle stages as possible, combined with shared hazard and end-of-life assessments in an effort towards a (more) comprehensive and resource driven research.