Epidemiologia das infecções maxilofaciaistratadas num hospital público da cidadede São Paulo

As infeccoes maxilofaciais sao condicoes clinicas graves, de ocorrencia relativamente comum,caracterizadas pela rapida disseminacao do processo infeccioso aos tecidos adjacentes eespacos faciais da regiao de cabeca e pescoco. Sua causa e geralmente odontogenica. O objetivodeste estudo foi avaliar dados referentes as causas, caracteristicas clinicas, manifestacoesclinicas e eficacia do tratamento realizado em 42 pacientes admitidos com infeccao maxilofacialno Departamento de Cirurgia Bucomaxilofacial do Hospital Tatuape, Sao Paulo, no periodode marco de 2005 a fevereiro de 2006. As infeccoes odontogenicas (83,30/0). com predominiodas infeccoes periapicais, foram as principais causas das infeccoes maxilofaciais. As manifestacoesclinicas mais comuns encontradas nos registros foram o edema acentuado (97,60f0), trismo(52,40f0) e prostracao (47,60f0). Os pacientes diabeticos nao compensados apresentaram tempode internacao maior quando comparados ao dos pacientes nao diabeticos (P = 0,001). Em 76,2%dos casos, o tratamento instituido foi a drenagem cirurgica complementada por antibioticoterapiaendovenosa e remocao da causa. De acordo com o estudo realizado, pudemos concluirque houve predominio de infeccoes maxilofaciais em adultos jovens, sendo as infeccoes odontogenicasas principais causas. O tratamento empregado foi efetivo na grande maioria dos casos.(AU) Maxillofacial infections are severe clinical processes of relative occurrence characterizedbya rapid spreading of the infection into the neighboring tissues and to the fascial spaces ofthe head and neck region. Its cause is predominantly odontogenic. This study aimed to assess,retrospectively, data concern to the causes, clinical characteristics, clinical manifestations andtreatment efficacy in 42 in-patients with maxillofacial infection at the Department of Oraland Maxillofacial Surgery of Hospital Tatuape, Sao Paulo, from March 2005 to February 2006.The odontogenic infections (mainly the periapical infections) accounted for 83.30f0 of the maxillofacialinfections. The most common clinical manifestations were exuberant edema (97.6%),trismus (52.40f0) and prostration (47.60f0). Uncontrolled diabetic patients showed a lonqer-recoveringperiod at the hospital when compared with that of nondiabetic patients (P = 0.001). In76.20f0 of the cases, the treatment proceeding was surgical drainage coupled with antibiotic intravenoustherapy and cause resolution. Summarizing the main findings, this study showed thatmaxillofacial infections occurred mostly in young-adults, with the odontogenic infections beingtheir principal cause. The providing treatment was effective in the great majority of the cases.(AU)