Dynamic functional force measurements on an anterior bite plane during the night.
2003
Anterior bite planes are used in removable and fixed
appliance treatment. In removable appliance treatment the
question arising is whether the delivered forces can achieve
active intrusion in terms of their amplitude and duration. In
fixed appliance treatment, the force effect on the incisors and
associated pathologic side effects, in particular under the
application of intrusion mechanics, have to be
considered. The aim of the present study was to investigate the
effects of an anterior bite plane during the night. For this
purpose ten subjects underwent nocturnal sleep investigations by
means of a telemetric system. A silicon force sensor was
integrated into an anterior bite plane for continuous
measurement of bite forces and of the frequency of occlusal
contact with the plate. The occlusal forces exerted on the anterior bite planes
ranged between 3 and 80 N. The average forces were 5.5–24 N. The
number of occlusal contacts varied between 39 and 558, with
forces of between 7 and 9 N being registered in most cases.
Major interindividual differences were detected in the magnitude
of the force as well as in bite frequency. The intraindividual
pattern of arising occlusal forces showed an intermittent force
effect. No significant differences were found with regard to
gender or growth pattern. In subjects with removable appliances, no active intrusion
of teeth is possible during the night owing to the small number
of occlusal contacts. Due to the partially very high forces in
fixed appliance therapy, the integration of an anterior bite
plane has to be assessed as critical in patients with
unfavorable root geometry or bruxism.
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