Geology and petrogenesis of the Sungun deposits: Implications for the genesis of porphyry-type mineralisation in the NW Urumieh–Dokhtar magmatic belt, Iran

Abstract The Miocene Sungun porphyry Cu–Mo systems, located in Azerbaijan belt, NW Iran, is associated with the high-Sr/Y magmas, which were engendered in a post-collisional setting. However, the petrogenesis of these fertile magmas and their mineralisation are still unknown. In this study, we present whole-rock major-trace elements, zircon U–Pb dating and the Lu–Hf isotopes in the ore-forming porphyries of the Sungun porphyry systems. The corresponding results showed that the samples were rich in large-ion lithophile elements and poor in high-field-strength elements; moreover, they presented both high K2O (2.4–3.5 wt%) and Sr (727–770 ppm) and low Y (11–14 ppm) contents. The zircon U–Pb age of the Sungun porphyry was ~19 Ma, with positive eHf(t) ratios (5.5–11.8) and young TDM2 ages between 322 and 705 Ma. Additionally, the Sungun high-Sr/Y porphyries contained anhydrites (CaSO4); and had high zircon Ce4+/Ce3+ ratios (33–728), relatively low zircon saturation temperatures (620–804 °C), and plagioclases with excess Al content. Overall, these evidences suggest that a water-fluxed melting of the subduction-modified juvenile lower crust might have generated a high oxygen fugacity, leading to the formation of the hydrous and S-rich Sungun fertile magmas in the NW Urumieh–Dokhtar magmatic Arc.