Determinants of neonatal mortality among newborns admitted to neonatal intensive care unit Adama, Ethiopia: A case–control study

Context: The majority of problems during the early neonatal period are causally related with the fetal life or the birth process; while most problems during late neonatal life are acquired. Aims: This study aims to assess the determinant factors of neonatal mortality among newborns admitted to neonatal intensive care unit of Adama Hospital Medical College (AHMC). Setting and Design: An institutional-based retrospective case–control design was conducted at AHMC. Subjects and Materials: A total of 300 neonates study participants were recruited. Medical record review was employed to collect data. Statistical Analysis Used: Data were entered, cleaned, and analyzed by SPSS version 20 statistical package. Descriptive summaries using frequencies and proportions were used. Binary and multivariable logistic regressions were used. Results: Antenatal care, gravidity, and parity were significant factors to neonatal death. It was found that neonates who were born from mothers who had no antenatal care No single visit) had 2.7 times at risk of death (crude odds ratio = 2.7 95% confidence interval = 1.3, 5.6 adjusted odds ratio = 1.5 P = 0.008). Neonates who were delivered by assisted vaginal delivery were 5.9 times at risk of death than neonates who were delivered by singular value decomposition. It was found that asphyxia and neonatal death have a strong association. Conclusions: Antenatal follow-up, assisted vaginal delivery, cesarean delivery, gestational age, birth weight, sepsis, and asphyxia were significant neonatal risk factors for neonatal death. Most of these factors may be prevented and manageable by good antenatal care, intrapartum care, and neonatal care.