Lack of experience‐dependent intrinsic plasticity in the adolescent infralimbic medial prefrontal cortex

: Fear extinction, an inhibitory learning that suppresses a previously learned fear memory, is diminished during adolescence. Earlier studies have shown that this suppressed fear extinction during adolescence involves an altered glutamatergic plasticity in infralimbic medial prefrontal cortical (IL-mPFC) pyramidal neurons. However, it is unclear whether the excitability of IL-mPFC pyramidal neurons plays a role in this development-dependent suppression of fear extinction. Therefore, we examined whether fear conditioning and extinction affect the active and passive membrane properties of IL-mPFC layer 5 pyramidal neurons in preadolescent, adolescent and adult mice. Both preadolescent and adult mice exhibited a bidirectional modulation of the excitability of IL-mPFC layer 5 pyramidal neurons following fear conditioning and extinction, i.e., fear conditioning reduced membrane excitability, whereas fear extinction reversed this effect. However, the fear conditioning-induced suppression of excitability was not reversed in adolescent mice following fear extinction training. Neither fear conditioning nor extinction affected GABAergic transmission in IL-mPFC layer 5 pyramidal neurons, suggesting that GABAergic transmission did not play a role in experience-dependent modulation of neuronal excitability. Our results suggest that the extinction-specific modulation of excitability is impaired during adolescence.