Standardized karyotype and idiogram of Thai native swamp buffalo, Bubalus bubalis (Artiodactyla, Bovidae) by convention staining, G-banding, C-banding and NOR-banding techniques

Standardized karyotype and idiogram of the Thai native swamp buffalo ( Bubalus bubalis ) at Khon Kaen University, Thailand, were studied. Blood samples were taken from two male and two female swamp buffaloes. After lymphocyte culture, the mitotic chromosome preparation was accomplished by hypotonic-air-drying method. Conventional staining, G-banding, C-banding and NOR-banding techniques were applied to stain the chromosome. The results showed that diploid number of Thai native swamp buffalo was 2 n =48, the fundamental numbers (NF) were 58 in both male and female. The types of autosomes were 4 large metacentric, 4 large acrocentric, 2 small submetacentric and 36 small telocentric chromosomes. The X chromosome was large telocentric chromosome and the Y chromosome was the small telocentric chromosome. From G-banding, each chromosome pair appears with distinctively differentiated. C-banding shown C-positive (dark band) on centromere of all telocentric chromosomes but others appeared as C-negative (light band). NOR-banding exhibited 6 telocentric chromosome pairs. The karyotype formula of Thai native swamp buffalo was as follows: 2 n (diploid) 48 = L m 4 + L a 4 +S sm 2 +S t 36 + sex chromosomes