Cytokine Profiles in Autoantibody Defined Subgroups of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

The aim of this study was to evaluate how the cytokine profiles differed between autoantibody based subgroups of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). SLE is a systemic autoimmune disease, characterized by periods of flares (active disease) and remission (inactive disease). The disease can affect many organ systems, e.g., skin, joints, kidneys, heart, and the central nervous system (CNS). SLE patients often have an overproduction of cytokines, e.g., interferons, chemokines, and interleukins. The high cytokine levels are part of the systemic inflammation, which can lead to tissue injury. In the present study, SLE patients were divided into five groups based on their autoantibody profiles. We thus defined these five groups: ANA negative, antiphospholipid (aPL) positive, anti-Sm/anti-RNP positive, Sjogren’s syndrome (SS) antigen A and B positive, and patients positive for more than one type of autoantibodies (other SLE). Cytokines were measured using Mesoscale Discovery (MSD) multiplex analysis. On the basis o...