Commensal microbes and interferon-λ determine persistence of enteric murine norovirus infection

Norovirus causes >90% of the world's gastroenteritis. Norovirus can establish persistent infections, which may contribute to its spread. How does norovirus establish itself as a permanentw resident of the gut and how can such persistent infections be cured (see the Perspective by Wilks and Golovkina)? Baldridge et al. studied mice persistently infected with norovirus and found that viral persistence required the gut microbiota: resident bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract. Antibiotics prevented persistent mouse norovirus infection in a way that depended on the secreted antiviral protein interferon λ (IFN-λ). Nice et al. report that IFN-λ can cure mice persistently infected with norovirus, independent of the adaptive immune system. Science , this issue p. [266][1], p. [269][2]; see also p. [233][3] [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.1258025 [2]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.1258100 [3]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aaa5056