Training Staff in Long-Term Care Facilities-Effects on Residents' Symptoms, Psychological Well-Being, and Proxy Satisfaction

Abstract Context Long-term care facility (LTCF) residents have unmet needs in end-of-life and symptom care. Objectives This study examines the effects of an end-of-life care staff training intervention on LTCF residents’ pain, symptoms, and psychological well-being and their proxies’ satisfaction with care. Methods We report findings from a single-blind, cluster randomized controlled trial featuring 324 residents with end-of-life care needs in 20 LTCF wards in Helsinki. The training intervention included four 4-hour educational workshops on palliative care principles (advance care planning, adverse effects of hospitalizations, symptom management, communication, supporting proxies, challenging situations). Training was provided to all members of staff in small groups. Education was based on constructive learning methods and included participants’ own resident cases, role-plays, and small-group discussions. During a 12-month follow-up we assessed residents’ symptoms with the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS), pain with the PAINAD instrument and psychological well-being using a PWB questionnaire. Proxies’ satisfaction with care was assessed using the SWC-EOLD. Results The change in ESAS symptom scores from baseline to 6 months favored the intervention group compared with the control group. However, the finding was diluted at 12 months. PAINAD, PWB, and SWC-EOLD scores remained unaffected by the intervention. All follow-up analyses were adjusted for age, gender, do-not-resuscitate order, need for help, and clustering. Conclusion Our rigorous randomized controlled trial on palliative care training intervention demonstrated mild effects on residents’ symptoms and no robust effects on psychological well-being or on proxies’ satisfaction with care.