Effect of Icosapent Ethyl on Gynoid Fat and Bone Mineral Health in the Metabolic Syndrome: a Preliminary Report

Abstract Purpose The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a systemic disorder associated with reduced atheroprotective gynoid fat and bone mineral content (BMC). The goal of this pilot study was to assess whether administration of icosapent ethyl (IPE), a purified formulation of eicosapentaenoic acid, would maintain gynoid fat and BMC over a 9-month treatment period. Methods Patients with MetS aged ≥40 years were randomly assigned to receive 4 g daily of IPE (2 g BID with food) or placebo (paraffin oil 2 g BID with food) for 9 months. Data were collected at baseline and 9 months later. The data included anthropometric measures, biochemical analysis, and whole body fat mass, including gynoid fat. Bone mineral density and BMC were measured by using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. A two-tailed P value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Findings The study sample consisted of 13 patients with MetS (mean age, 61.6 years; age range, 44–77 years; 77% female and 23% male). Compared with the IPE group, the placebo group experienced statistically significant mean reductions in percent gynoid fat (pre/post, 46.8%–43.5%; P = 0.02), BMC (pre/post, 2461 g–2423 g; P = 0.02), and bone mineral density (pre/post, 1.24 g/cm2 to 1.22 g/cm2; P = 0.05) over the 9-month study period. Implications The results of this pilot study raise the possibility that IPE supplementation may preserve gynoid fat distribution and bone mineral health in patients with MetS. Larger, randomized longitudinal studies are necessary to determine the potential long-term metabolic benefits of IPE treatment.