Emergent Arboviruses: A Review About Mayaro virus and Oropouche orthobunyavirus

Arthropod-borne viruses have a significant impact on public health worldwide, and their (re) emergence put aside the importance of other circulating arboviruses. Therefore, this scoping review aims to identify and characterize the literature produced in recent years, focusing on aspects of three arboviruses: Mayaro virus, West Nile virus, and Oropouche orthobunyavirus. The Mayaro and Oropouche viruses were isolated for the first time in Trinidad and Tobago in 1954 and 1955, respectively, and have more recently caused numerous outbreaks. In addition, they have been incriminated as candidate diseases for human epidemics. On the other hand, the West Nile virus, isolated in Uganda in 1937, was initially considered of lower human importance. However, this virus is currently regarded as one of the most important zoonotic diseases in some parts of the world. Moreover, together, these viruses have been drawing the attention of public health authorities worldwide following recent outbreaks. To determine the global epidemiological profile of these three viruses, we used the Dimensions Database, which contains more than 100 million publications. In general, we identified 327 studies published from 1957 to 2020 for Mayaro virus, 7,213 studies published from 1943 to 2020 for West Nile virus and 152 studies published from 1961 to 2020 for Oropouche orthobunyavirus. Interestingly, we observed that Mayaro and Oropouche viruses had a significant increase in the number of publications in recent years. Thus, this comprehensive review will be helpful to guide future research based on the identified knowledge gaps.