Posttraumatic stress disorder and development of premenstrual syndrome in a longitudinal cohort of women

We examined the association between posttraumatic stress disorder (+PTSD) symptoms and incident premenstrual syndrome (PMS) in a longitudinal study with 14 years follow-up of 2924 women aged 27–44. Compared to women with no trauma exposure, women with trauma/PTSD were at significantly increased risk of PMS (p-trend < .001): 1) trauma/no PTSD odds ratio (OR) = 1.31 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05–1.63], 2) 1–3 PTSD symptoms OR = 1.71 [95% CI = 1.33–2.20], 3) 4–5 PTSD symptoms OR = 2.90 [95% CI = 2.07–4.05], and 4) 6–7 PTSD symptoms OR = 3.42 [95% CI = 2.18–5.36].