Effect of Titanium Surface Modifications of Dental Implants on Rapid Osseointegration

The initial cellular response to the dental implant is essential for the subsequent tissue regeneration around the foreign implant surface. There are many cells and proteins involved in the integration process which leads to the final osseointegration between implants and peri-implant bone tissue. With regard to materials used in dental implants, titanium is a prevalent biomaterial applied in orthopedic or dental implants due to its premium mechanical and biological properties and osteoconductivity. The roughness and chemical composition of the titanium surface affect the process and rate of the osseointegration of dental implants. Different studies on the effect of roughness and wettability of titanium surface on the process of early events in the osseointegration are reviewed in this article. In addition, in order to accelerate this wound-healing process, varied surface topography and chemical composition have been produced depending on different types of surface modifications. The desirable dental implant surface design caters for the development of implantology for immediate loading and the improvement of long-term stability. An appropriate understanding of the interaction between cells and implant surfaces is essential for the future design of new surface which could enhance the speed and stability of osseointegration of dental implants.