Oil and pigments from shrimp processing by-products: Extraction, composition, bioactivities and its application- A review

Abstract Background Oil extracted from shrimp processing by-products (SPBP) is rich in n-3 fatty acids and astaxanthin. These compounds are well known for health benefits, especially for the treatment of several chronic diseases. Conventional extraction method, in which organic solvents are generally used, results in low extraction yield of oil and poses serious environmental problems. Newly developed extraction methods aims at augmenting extraction efficiency and reducing the use of solvents. Scope and approach Shrimp oils extracted using various novel physical extraction processes have been discussed in terms of yield, quality and their uses. Stabilization of shrimp oil using different techniques has been addressed. Also a summary about potential medicinal and nutraceutical application of the shrimp oil has been revisited. Key findings and conclusions: Shrimp oil containing polyunsaturated fatty acids and carotenoids, which exhibited higher health benefits than other fish oils, can be used as supplements. Physical processes used for extraction of oil from SPBP have a potential to improve the extraction process by eliminating excessive solvent usage and increasing the extraction yield. Modified or combined processes can subdue a few drawbacks faced during extraction of shrimp oil. Shrimp oil has excellent medicinal properties, however its use is limited in food or pharmaceutical industry. Therefore shrimp oil with stable form produced with scale-up processes at industrial level would be a value-added product for shrimp industry and marine resource sustainability can be achieved.