Active coverage system for in-situ control of surface water bottom sediment nitrogen and phosphorus release and method

The invention provides an active bottom sediment coverage system for in-situ control of bottom sediment nitrogen and phosphorus release. The active bottom sediment coverage system structurally comprises a geotechnical cloth layer I, a zirconium modified zeolite coverage layer, a geotechnical cloth layer II, a mixture coverage layer and a geotechnical cloth layer III from top to bottom, the mixture coverage layer comprises hydroxyapatite particles, calcite particles and calcium modified zeolite particles with the weight ratio of 1:(1-1000):(1-1000), and the zirconium modified zeolite coverage layer comprises zirconium modified zeolite particles. The invention further provides a method of the active bottom sediment coverage system for in-situ control of bottom sediment nitrogen and phosphorus release. By the aid of the geotechnical cloth layers, structural integrity of bottom sediment coverage material layers can be effectively prevented from being damaged by external conditions, and loss of active coverage materials in the active bottom sediment coverage system is prevented. By taking the advantage that bottom sediment nitrogen and phosphorus release is respectively controlled by the coverage materials such as calcite, hydroxyapatite, calcium modified zeolite and zirconium modified zeolite, bottom sediment nitrogen and phosphorus release can be effectively and simultaneously controlled, nitrogen and phosphorus in bottom sediment are rapidly and efficiently fixed, and the active bottom sediment coverage system is suitable for wide popularization.