Prevalence of cusp fractures in teeth restored with amalgam and with resin-based composite

ABSTRACT Background Complete cusp fracture in restored teeth is a common problem observed in general dental practice. Many dentists believe that teeth restored with amalgam are more likely to be associated with cusp fractures than are those restored with resin-based composite. Methods The authors noted the condition of 10,869 posterior teeth with amalgam or resin-based composite restorations with at least one cusp present, unrestored or missing in 1,902 consecutively seen adult patients in a private general dental practice. For each patient, the authors recorded age, type of restorations, number of surfaces of each restoration, and presence or absence of a complete cusp fracture and of caries. Results There was a lower percentage of cusp fractures in younger subjects than in older subjects and in teeth with a single restored surface than in those with more than one restored surface. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of cusp fracture rates in amalgam-restored teeth versus composite-restored teeth in subjects aged 18 through 54 years. In subjects aged 55 through 96 years, there was a marginally significantly greater cusp fracture rate in composite-restored teeth than in those restored with amalgam. Overall, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of cusp fracture in teeth restored with amalgam (1.88 percent) versus composite-restored teeth (2.29 percent). Conclusions The prevalence of cusp fractures in amalgam-restored teeth and resin-based composite–restored teeth is not significantly different. Teeth with more than one surface restored with either resin-based composite or amalgam and teeth in older subjects were more likely to suffer a cusp fracture. Clinical Implications Teeth restored with amalgam and with resin-based composite exhibited equally low cusp fracture prevalence. When choosing between amalgam and resin-based composite in consideration of the likelihood of a future cusp fracture, either restorative material is acceptable.