Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies of Hexavalent Chromium Removal Using A Novel Biosorbent: Ruellia Patula Jacq

The present work utilized Ruellia patula Jacq leaves as biosorbent for hexavalent chromium removal. Sulfuric acid modification was done and checked for enhanced biosorption capacity. Electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, elemental analysis were performed for characterization of biosorbents. Batch experiments were conducted to optimize contact time, solution pH, initial Cr(VI) concentration, biosorbent dose, agitation speed and temperature for maximum Cr(VI) removal. Also, the study attempted to show polyphenols present in the biosorbent reduce Cr(VI) through adsorption. Equilibrium data were analyzed using Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherms. Monolayer adsorption capacities of raw and acid-modified biosorbents were found to be 37.03 and 62.50 mg/g, respectively. Pseudo-second-order kinetic model suited well than other models like pseudo-first-order and intraparticle diffusion models examined. Determination of \(\Delta {H}^{\circ }, \Delta {S}^{\circ }\) and \(\Delta {G}^{\circ }\) from thermodynamic studies showed that the biosorption is exothermic, stable and thermodynamically feasible. Desorption studies using NaOH as desorbing agent showed considerable performances up to three cycles. These findings revealed that Ruellia patula leaves serve as potent biosorbent for the removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solutions.