The effect of Nd-Cu diffusion during hot pressing and hot deformation on the coercivity and the deformation ability of Nd-Fe-B HDDR magnets

Abstract HDDR processed Nd-Fe-B powders blended with Nd-Cu powders were hot-pressed and then hot-deformed to obtain fully dense, anisotropic magnets. The microstructure evolution in hot-pressed and hot-deformed HDDR magnets was studied to illustrate the impact of Nd-Cu diffusion on coercivity and deformation ability. It was found that the coercivity and the deformation ability were improved significantly by Nd-Cu addition. The coercivity of hot-deformed magnets was increased from 3.81 kOe to 13.01 kOe after 2 wt% Nd-Cu additions and the annealing at 900 °C for 2 h. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy observations revealed that the variation in coercivity was attributed to the diffusion of Nd-Cu along the grain boundaries during hot pressing and hot deformation.