A New Approach to Design Artificial 3D Microniches with Combined Chemical, Topographical, and Rheological Cues

The in vitro methods to recapitulate environmental cues around cells are usually optimized to test a specific property of the environment (biochemical nature or the stiffness of the extra cellular matrix (ECM), or nanotopography) for its capability to induce defined cell behaviors (lineage commitment, migration). Approaches that combine different environmental cues in 3D to assess the biological response of cells to the spatial organization of different biophysical and biochemical cues are growingly being developed. We demonstrate how the lamination of through-hole polymeric bio-functionalized membranes can be implemented to create complex bona fide micro-niches with differential 3D environmental properties using photoactive materials. Our approach enables to create micro-niches ranging in size from single cells to cell aggregates. They are bio-functionalized in 3D simultaneously with topographical featured, protein patterns and structured ECM surrogate with 1 micrometer resolution. We demonstrate how these niches extend in 3D the ability to pattern cells. We exemplify how they can be used to standardize cells shapes in 3D and to trigger the apico-basal polarization of single epithelial cells.