GST genes defects contribution into asthma phenotypes characteristics in children

Background. The quality of asthma therapy and its control depends on asthma phenotype. It is well known that defects of detoxification system genes accompanied by increased risk of asthma development. Aim. This study was conducted to evaluate the GSTTS1/GSTM1 deletion polymorphisms contribution to the asthma phenotypes in children in comparison with the same of functional active genes. Materials. We examined 238 children with asthma in dynamics from perinatal period to school age. In 128 of them asthma was in comorbidity with atopic dermatitis and, in most cases, allergic rhinitis (group I). Only the respiratory manifestations of allergic diseases, such as asthma in alone or combined with allergic rhinitis, were in 110 children from the 2nd group. Genotype GSTT1–/–GSTM1–/– (“G–”) was determined in 30 children from I gr. and in 18 children II gr. Genotype GSTT1+GSTM1+ (“G+”) was in 47 and 53 children of the respective groups. Results. Among children with genotype “G–” in I gr. maternal allergic diseases (RR=2.2 CI 1-4) were detected more often than in II gr. Conversely the not allergic parents, feeding by milk mixtures and passive smoking during first year of life (RR=5 CI 1.6-19) were prevailed in II gr. children with the same deletion genotype. Among children with genotype “G+” in I gr. the pathology of pregnancy (RR=2 I 1-3), onset of wheezing during 1 st year (RR=1.5 CI 1-2.7) and food sensitization, high serum IgE level were more frequently, and diagnosed of asthma after 6 years were less frequently than in II gr. Conclusions. Obtained data demonstrates that defects of the glutathione-S-transferase genes are accompanied with different clinical effects in patients, depending on the asthma phenotypes.