Estimated Glucose Disposal Rate in Assessment of the Metabolic Syndrome and Microvascular Complications in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes

Objective: The objective of the study was to quantify insulin resistance in type 1 diabetes patients by estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR), according to the presence or absence of the metabolic syndrome, and its relationship with chronic complications. Design: This was a cross-sectional study in 91 patients with type 1 immune-mediated diabetes managed at an outpatient endocrinology clinic. All participants were Caucasians aged 18 yr or older with type 1 diabetes duration of more than 6 months who had completed the study protocol. Results: Twenty-nine patients met metabolic syndrome criteria, yielding a prevalence of 31.9%. Although no differences in insulin requirements were found between diabetic patients with and without metabolic syndrome, lower eGDR levels, indicating greater insulin resistance, were observed in metabolic syndrome patients compared with those without (6.19 1.5 mg/kg 1 min 1 vs. 9.93 1.6 mg/kg 1 min ) (P 0.001). An eGDR level less than 8.77 mg/kg 1 min 1 showed 100% sensitivity and 85.2% specificity for metabolic syndrome diagnosis. All patients with diabetes complications had eGDR values below 8.16 mg/kg 1 min . eGDR level was significantly lower in patients with diabetic retinopathy (5.97 1.2 mg/kg 1 min ), diabetic neuropathy (5.06 0.4 mg/kg 1 min ), or diabetic nephropathy (5.79 1.5 mg/kg 1 min ) compared with those without (9.38 2.0 mg/kg 1 min , P 0.001; 9.26 2.0 mg/kg 1 min , P 0.001; and 9.19 2.2 mg/kg 1 min , P 0.001). Conclusions: Insulin resistance is common in type 1 diabetes patients and is associated with microvascular complications. eGDR, as an insulin resistance marker, provides more useful information than other classical variables such as insulin requirements. Prostaglandin E2 as a Regulator of Germ Cells during Ovarian Development Rosemary A. L. Bayne, Sharon L. Eddie, Craig S. Collins, Andrew J. Childs, Henry N. Jabbour, and Richard A. Anderson (J Clin Endocrinol Metab, published July 14, 2009, 10.1210/jc.2009-0755) ABSTRACT Context: The formation of primordial follicles occurs during fetal life yet is critical to the determination of adult female fertility. Prior to this stage, germ cells proliferate, enter meiosis, and associate with somatic cells. Growth and survival factors implicated in these processes include activin A (INHBA), the neurotrophins BDNF and NT4 (NTF5), and MCL1. The prostaglandins have pleiotrophic roles in reproduction, notably in ovulation and implantation, but there are no data regarding roles for prostaglandins in human fetal ovarian development. Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate a possible role for prostaglandin (PG) E2 in human fetal ovary development. Design: In vitro analysis of ovarian development between 8 and 20 wk gestation was performed. Main Outcome Measure(s): The expression patterns of PG synthesis enzymes and the PGE2 receptors EP2 and EP4 in the ovary were assessed, and downstream effects of PGE2 on gene expression were analyzed. 1520 Abstracts Translational Highlights from JCEM Mol Endocrinol, September 2009, 23(9):1519–1521Context: The formation of primordial follicles occurs during fetal life yet is critical to the determination of adult female fertility. Prior to this stage, germ cells proliferate, enter meiosis, and associate with somatic cells. Growth and survival factors implicated in these processes include activin A (INHBA), the neurotrophins BDNF and NT4 (NTF5), and MCL1. The prostaglandins have pleiotrophic roles in reproduction, notably in ovulation and implantation, but there are no data regarding roles for prostaglandins in human fetal ovarian development. Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate a possible role for prostaglandin (PG) E2 in human fetal ovary development. Design: In vitro analysis of ovarian development between 8 and 20 wk gestation was performed. Main Outcome Measure(s): The expression patterns of PG synthesis enzymes and the PGE2 receptors EP2 and EP4 in the ovary were assessed, and downstream effects of PGE2 on gene expression were analyzed. 1520 Abstracts Translational Highlights from JCEM Mol Endocrinol, September 2009, 23(9):1519–1521