The role of values and emotions in patients’ health care decision-making

Aim: As the decision-making science progresses, in recent years, there has been an increasing discussion about non-cognitive components involved in decision-making process. This paper aims to provide an inclusive overview of current knowledge on the state of the science related to the role of values and emotions in decision making. In an effort to provide the most inclusive review possible, internal rationality, awareness of values, and practical wisdom will be considered. Method: It was conducted a comprehensive narrative review of literature on the topic of interest. Results: Sharp distinction between rational and emotional decisions would be a false dichotomy. Both values and emotions underpin every aspect of a decision-making process. Interpersonal comparisons of value judgments are thought of as being inherent in the very activity of interpretation. This is important when considering reasonableness of another’s decision. Moreover, as decision-makers has to be aware of and then navigate their own, feelings and values, it is noticeable that emotions may not only affect the development of the values of an individual, but also affect an individual’s introspective awareness of her values, beliefs and preferences. Finally, it is interesting to note that it has been suggested an alternative approach to decision-making competence based on decision-maker’s practical wisdom. Conclusion: The ways by which beliefs, values, and emotions affect decision-making processes seem to be unclear and overlapping, thus giving a boost to uncertainties. Further research into complexities related to the role of values and emotions in decision making seems to be necessary.