Qualidade de Vida e suas relações com Consumo de álcool e transtornos mentais comuns

Objective: To verify the association between Quality of Life (QOL) and clcohol consumption patterns, Common Mental Disorders (CMD) and socioeconomic characteristics in Brazil and specifically in Primary Health Care (PHC) in the city of Rio de Janeiro (RJ). Methods: A population-based survey was carried out with 3,070 individuals in 2012, a cross-sectional study at PHC-RJ with 624 patients in 2012/2013, and an PHC-RJ cohort study with 102 patients performed in 2012/2013. The instruments were: General Health Questionnaire, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Screening for Somatoform Symptoms, Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test and World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument (brief version). In the cross-sectional survey and the PHC study, multiple linear regressions were performed and in the cohort analysis, logistic regression was used. Each QOL domain was considered an outcome in all three analyzes. Results: In the population survey, depression or anxiety were the conditions that were associated, respectively, more intense loss of QoL (β = -4,48 to -9,61; p-value <5%). Alcohol dependence was also associated with loss of QOL, also in the psychological domain (β = -6,81) and social relations (β = -6,91). In the cross-sectional study, QOL was negatively associated with CMD, mainly in the psychological domain (β = -15,75, p-value = 0,00), and in the physical domain (β = -5,38; p = value = 0,05 ). There was a positive and significant association of QoL with risk (β = 5,77) and noxious (β = 6,15) in the environmental domain, and with the first in the psychological domain (β = 7,08). In the cohort study, it was verified that the QoL was significant only in the physical and psychological domains. There was a statistically significant association of QoL with a reduction of 5 points or more in HADS depression (OR = 7, 63) and psychological QoL with reduction of five points or more in HADS anxiety (OR = 5,99) and complete primary education (OR = 2.30). Risk intake (OR = 0,25) and alcohol dependence (OR = 0,12) were protective factors for the improvement of psychological QOL. Conclusions: The treatment of mental disorders and alcohol dependence is an essential strategy for better patient prognosis, as well as the improvement of QoL. Therefore, it is recommended to use the QoL measure by the health services as an indicator for planning and evaluating the interventions offered to individuals in psychological distress.