Analysis of Mitochondrial Markers of Programmed Cell Death

: Mitochondria play a crucial role in programmed cell death (PCD) in plants. In most cases of mitochondria-dependent PCD, cytochrome c (Cyt c) released from mitochondria due to the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) and the activation of caspase-like proteases. Here we describe the analytic methods of mitochondrial markers of PCD including mitochondria isolation, mitochondrial membrane permeability, mitochondrial inner membrane potential, Cytc release, ATP, and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS).