Overview of Land-Based Recirculating Aquaculture

Land-based aquaculture systems can be divided into two types, those that use running water and those that recirculate water in a closed system. In Japan, recirculating aquaculture systems (RASs) that have a water exchange rate of below 5% in total volume are further specified as closed recirculating aquaculture systems (CRASs). This section gives an overview of the recent developments in research on land-based aquaculture, and on CRAS in particular, as a preparation for the case studies from Chap. 2 onward. In short, this section will describe the current state of CRAS, its features, advantages, and development history, as well as the challenges, economics, feasibility, and business opportunities for CRAS in the future.