Ex Vivo Interferon‐γ Response to Human Immunodefiency Virus‐1 Derived Peptides in Human Immunodeficiency Virus‐1 Infected Patients

The pattern of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 antigen-activated production of interferon (IFN)-γ by immunocompetent cells of HIV-1 infected patients has been studied using a simplified assay combining a small volume (25 μl) of whole blood stimulation with various HIV-1 antigens, and cytokine measurement in the same wells of microtitre plates (enzyme-linked immunotrapping assay, ELITA). The levels of IFN-γ were higher using this assay than in the supernatant from stimulated whole blood cultures, therefore ELITA was used in the rest of the study. Specific immune responses to HIV-1 proteins (gp120, p24) and synthetic peptides derived from these proteins and from gp41 were detected in patients, but not in healthy controls. Decreased levels of IFN-γ were observed in CDC class B (n = 5) and C (n = 4), compared with CDC class A (n = 5), following HIV-1 antigen-specific challenge. The positive response of cells from different patients to overlapping peptides of p25 (amino acids 329–344 and 335–351) was suggestive of a new epitope of HIV-1 gag recognized by T cells in the overlap region. In conclusion, the difference in in vitro antigen-specific T-cell responses of HIV-1-infected patients was shown using the ELITA method. Our results raise the possibility of using this method in screening specific antigens in HIV-1 infection.