Effect of particle size on the viscosity of nanofluids: A review

Abstract Nanofluids are potential new generation heat transfer fluids, which have been investigated meticulously, in recent years. Thermophysical properties of these fluids have significant influence on their heat transfer characteristics. Viscosity is one of the most important thermophysical properties that depends on various parameters. Size of the particles used in nanofluids is one of these effecting parameters. In this work, experimental studies considering the particle size effect on the viscosity of the nanofluid have been reviewed. Firstly, comparison of nanofluid and surfactant type, production and measurement methods were considered. Viscosity results of selected studies were evaluated in view of the parameters such as particle size, temperature and concentration. Furthermore, effective viscosity models of nanofluids, which include particle size as a parameter were discussed. The results indicate that there is a discrepancy about the effect of particle size on the viscosity of nanofluids. Moreover, it is observed from the evaluated data that the relative viscosity variation can be almost 40% either upwards or downwards by only altering the particle size.