Let’s Get in Touch Again: Tangible AI and Tangible XR for a More Tangible, Balanced Human Systems Integration

One of the crucial tasks for integrating humans, technical systems and organizations (Human Systems Integration HSI) is the proper design of cooperation and interaction in the socio-cyber-physical system with human interaction resources and modalities. While at the beginning of the 21st century, the visual and acoustic resource seemed to be dominant in HSI, the haptic resource, which for the past decades was increasingly neglected, is now on the resurge again. With increasing AI in human-machine systems, and with increasing virtual and augmented reality, it becomes even more important to use the haptic channel to make these complex systems tangible and to allow a better and faster balance between the interaction modalities, and between humans and machines.