A study on the key factors affecting the sensibility of bismuth deposits toward Sn 2+ : Effects of bismuth microstructures on the

2+ sensing a b s t r a c t The pre-deposition of Sn following with the square-wave anodic stripping voltammetric (SWASV) analy- sis is employed to determine the Sn 2+ -sensing ability of bismuth-film electrodes (BFEs). The influences of Bi microstructures, such as grain size, preferred orientation ratio between Bi(1 1 0) and Bi(0 1 2) (denoted as f), and average roughness factor (Ra) of Bi deposits on the Sn 2+ -sensing ability, are investigated. The preferred orientation ratio is a key factor determining the Sn2+-sensing ability of BFEs meanwhile a syn- ergistic effect between grain size and f on enhancing the current density of Sn 2+ sensing is obtained when f is above 0.11. The crystalline facet of Bi(1 1 0) favorable for pre-depositing Sn is the main reason enhancing the Sn 2+ sensing of Bi deposits. Thus, this work shows that Sn 2+ sensing through stripping of