Effects of oral eicosapentaenoic acid versus docosahexaenoic acid on human peripheral blood mononuclear cell gene expression

Abstract Objective Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have beneficial effects on inflammation and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Our aim was to assess the effect of a six-week supplementation with either olive oil, EPA, or DHA on gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Methods Subjects were sampled at baseline and six weeks after receiving either: olive oil 6.0 g/day (n = 16), EPA 1.8 g/day (n = 16), or DHA 1.8 g/day (n = 18). PBMC were subjected to gene expression analysis by microarray with key findings confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR). Results Plasma phospholipid EPA increased 3 fold in the EPA group, and DHA increased 63% in the DHA group (both p  CREB1 ), as well as many other individual genes including hypoxia inducible factor 1, α subunit ( HIF1A ). The findings for CREB1 and HIF1A were confirmed by Q-PCR analysis. Conclusions Our data indicate that EPA supplementation was associated with significant effects on gene expression involving the interferon pathway as well as down-regulation of CREB1 and HIF1A , which may relate to its beneficial effect on CVD risk reduction.